Sources on Geoblocking

Trimble's Blog Posts on Geoblocking

1/6/2021

Marketa Trimble, A New CJEU Judgment on Copyright-Related Geoblocking – One Step Forward or One Step Back in the EU Commission’s Fight Against Geoblocking?, 2021 (here)
Marketa Trimble, The EU Anti-Geoblocking Regulation Becomes Effective Today, 2018 (here)
Marketa Trimble, The Necessity of Geoblocking in the Age of (Almost) Unavoidable Geolocation, 2018 (here)
Marketa Trimble, How to Obtain a Global Injunction in a Copyright Infringement Case, 2018 (here)
Marketa Trimble, The European Union Anti-Geoblocking Regulation Isn’t the End of the Anti-Geoblocking Battle, 2018 (here)
Marketa Trimble, A Patent For Geotagging IP Packets Raises Important Internet Law Questions, 2018 (here)
Marketa Trimble, D.C. Circuit Makes Geoblocking De Facto Mandatory for Copyright Law Purposes–Spanski v. TV Polska, 2018 (here)
Marketa Trimble, Your Movements Shall Be Traced: The New EU Regulation on Cross-Border Portability, 2017 (here)
Marketa Trimble, To Geoblock, or Not To Geoblock – Is That Still a Question?, 2017 (here)
Marketa Trimble, Server Location, Jurisdiction, and Server Location Requirements, 2016 (here)
Marketa Trimble, Conflict of Laws Has Caught Up with Silicon Valley. Now Silicon Valley Needs to Catch Up on Conflict of Laws, 2016 (here)
Marketa Trimble, Proposed EU Regulation on Cross-Border Access to Copyrighted Content, 2016 (here)
Marketa Trimble, What Bothers Brussels: Geoblocking on the Front Burner of the EU Commission, 2015 (here)
Marketa Trimble, The Sochi Olympics and European Answers to Cross-Border Copyright Questions, 2014 (here)
Marketa Trimble, The Newest Olympic Sport: Evasion of Geolocation, 2012 (here)

Location-Based Services

1/6/2021

Sui, Understanding Location-Based Services: Core Technologies, Key Applications and Major Concerns, in Handbook on Geographies of Technology, Barney Warf ed., 2017, 85 – 95

Circumvention of Geolocation/Geoblocking

1/6/2021

Marketa Trimble, The Future of Cybertravel: Legal Implications of the Evasion of Geolocation, 22 Fordham Intell. Prop. Media & Ent. L.J. 567 (2012) (here)
Marketa Trimble, Geoblocking, Technical Standards and the Law, in Geoblocking and Global Video Culture (Ramon Lobato & James Meese eds., Institute of Network Cultures, Amsterdam, 2016) (here)
Marketa Trimble, The Territoriality Referendum, 6 WIPO J. 89 (2015) (here)
Max Eddy, The Best VPN Services of 2018, PC, July 9, 2018 (here)
MY EXPAT NETWORK (here)
Tor: Overview, TOR (here)
VyprVPN (here)
Marketa Trimble, The Newest Olympic Sport: Evasion of Geolocation, 2012 (here)

Policy Documents

1/6/2021

European Commission's Report on the First Short-term Review of the Geo-blocking Regulation, November 30, 2020 (here)
Evaluation of the Vertical Block Exemption Regulation, European Commission, September 8, 2020
Intellectual Property Arrangements, Productivity Commission Inquiry Report, No. 78, Sept. 23, 2016 (here)
Combating Consumer Discrimination in the Digital Single Market: Preventing Geo-Blocking and Other Forms of Geo-Discrimination, European Parliament, IP/A/IMCO/2016-06, September 2016 (here)
Intellectual Property Arrangements, Productivity Commission Inquiry Report, No. 78, Sept. 23, 2016 (Australia) (here)
Gregor Langus, Damien Neven and Sophie Poukens, Economic Analysis of the Territoriality of the Making Available Right in the EU (Brussels: European Commission, 2014) (here)
A Digital Single Market Strategy for Europe – Analysis and Evidence (2015). European Commission, SWD(2015) 100 final, May 6, 2015 (here)
Summary of Responses to the European Commission’s 2015 Public Consultation on “Geo-blocking and Other Geographically-Based Restrictions When Shopping and Accessing Information in the EU” (2015) (here)
Redesigning IP Geolocation: Privacy by Design and Online Targeted Advertising, Information and Privacy Commissioner, Ontario, Canada, October 2010 (here)
Intellectual Property Arrangements, Australian Government, Productivity Commission Inquiry Report, 23 September 2016 (here)

News Articles

1/6/2021

Liana B. Baker and Yinka Adegoke, “Olympics Fans Find Ways to Circumvent NBC’s Online Control”, Reuters, July 30, 2012 (here)
Aaron Gell, “Reinventing the Web: A New App Lets You Watch Whatever TV Program You Want, Including the Olympics, Anywhere in the World”, Business Insider, January 25, 2014 (here)
Cecilia Kang, “Here’s How People Are Watching the World Cup—Without Cable”, Washington Post, June 13, 2014 (here)
FLEISCHER, P. (2016). “Adapting Our Approach to the European Right to Be Forgotten”. March 4th, 2016. (here)
KIRK, J. (2015). “Geoblocking Question Unresolved After New Zealand Lawsuit Ends”. PCWorld, June 23rd, 2015. (here)
LEUNG, P. (2016). “Is VPN Use Copyright Infringement? Not So Fast, Lawyers Say”. BNA, March 1st, 2016.
Goodfellow, Forbes Introduces Geolocation Targeting to BrandVoice Content, The Drum, 23 February 2017 (here)
Comstock, Boston Children’s Pilots Geolocation Technology to Help Babies with Weak Hearts, mobihealthnews, May 1, 2017 (here)
Noguchi, Recruiters Use ‘Geofencing’ to Target Potential Hires Where They Live and Work, National Public Radio, July 7, 2017 (here)
Debra Cassens Weiss, Judge Refuses to Block Maker of Roundup Weed Killer from Geofencing Around Courthouse, ABA Journal, April 15, 2019 (here)

Geoblocking and Antitrust

1/6/2021

Groupe Canal+ SA v. European Commission, CJEU, C-132/19 P, December 9, 2020 (here)
Peter Georg Picht, The EU Geo-Blocking Regulation from a Competition Law Perspective, JIPLP (2020)
Antitrust: Commission Accepts Commitments by Disney, NBC Universal, Sony Pictures, Warner Bros. and Sky on Cross-Border Pay-TV Services, European Commission, Press Release, March 7, 2019 (here)
Antitrust: Commission Seeks Feedback on Commitments Offered by Disney in Pay-TV Investigation, European Commission, Press Release, November 9, 2018 (here)
Antitrust: Commission Sends Statement of Objections on Cross-Border Provision of Pay-TV Services Available in UK and Ireland, European Commission, Press Release, 23 July 2015 (here)
Commission Decision of 26 July 2016 relating to a proceeding under Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and Article 53 of the EEA Agreement (Case AT.40023 – Cross-border access to pay-TV), C(2016) 4740 final (here)
Antitrust: Commission Sends Statement of Objections on Cross-Border Provision of Pay-TV Services Available in UK and Ireland, European Commission, Press Release, 23 July 2015 (here)
Marketa Trimble, Geoblocking and “Legitimate Trade” in Intellectual Property and Obstacles to Legitimate Trade (Christopher Heath, Anselm Kamperman Sanders & Anke Moerland eds., Wolters Kluwer, forthcoming 2018) (here)

Trimble's Chapters on Geoblocking

1/6/2021

Marketa Trimble, Geoblocking and “Legitimate Trade” in Intellectual Property and Obstacles to Legitimate Trade (Christopher Heath, Anselm Kamperman Sanders & Anke Moerland eds., 2018) (here)
Marketa Trimble, Geo-Blocking in The SAGE Encyclopedia of the Internet (Barney Warf ed., 2018)
Marketa Trimble, The Role of Geoblocking in the Internet Legal Landscape, in Building a European Digital Space, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Internet, Law & Politics (2016) (here)
Marketa Trimble, Geoblocking and Evasion of Geoblocking – Technical Standards and the Law, in Geoblocking and Global Video Culture (Ramon Lobato & James Meese eds., Institute of Network Cultures, Amsterdam, 2016) (here)

Technical Literature

1/6/2021

Andreas Konstantinidis et al., A Multi-Objective Indoor Localization Service for Smartphones, 2019 (here)
Allison McDonald et al., 403 Forbidden: A Global View of CDN Geoblocking, ACM IMC, November 2018 (here)
IETF Geographic Location/Privacy (geopriv) group (here)
Barnes et al., An Architecture for Location and Location Privacy in Internet Applications: Internet-Draft, GEOPRIV4 (Oct. 11, 2010) (here)
A. Mayrhofer & C. Spanring, A Uniform Resource Identifier for Geographic Locations (‗geo‘ URI), INTERNET ENG‘G TASK FORCE 4, (June 2010) (here)
Gareth Beavis, Schmidt: We Can Predict Where You Are Going to Go, TECHRADAR (Aug. 6, 2010) (here)
James A. Muir & Paul C. Van Oorschot, Internet Geolocation: Evasion and Counterevasion, ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS, Dec. 2009 (here)
Lars Backstrom et. al., Find Me If You Can: Improving Geographical Prediction with Social and Spatial Proximity, WORLD WIDE WEB CONFERENCE (Apr. 26–30, 2010) (here)
Ethan Katz-Bassett et al., Towards IP Geolocation Using Delay and Topology Measurements, IMC‘06, Oct. 25–27, 2006 (here)
Bamba Gueye et al. Constraint-Based Geolocation of Internet Hosts, 14 IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING 1219, 1220 (Dec. 2006) (here)
European Location Study, PTOLEMUS CONSULTING GRP., 92 (July 2010) (here)
Karsten Loesing, et al., A Case Study on Measuring Statistical Data in the Tor Anonymity Network, in FC 2010 WORKSHOPS 203, 203–05 (R. Sion et al. eds., 2010) (here)
RIEDERER, C. [et al.] (2015). “I don’t have a photograph, but you can have my footprints.” – Revealing the Demographics of Location Data. [Accessed: 30/10/16]. (here)
Mobile IP Targeting Myths and Facts: Dispelling Marketplace Misperceptions, Digital Element (here)
U.S. Patent US10,111,036 B2 (Location Based Notification Services), October 23, 2018 (here)
U.S. Patent US9,961,491 B1 (Generating Geofences), May 1, 2018 (here)
U.S. Patent Application US2018/0359529 A1(Content rights management for mobile devices), published Dec. 13, 2018 (here)

Geotagging of IP Packets

1/6/2021

U.S. patent 9,762,683, issued on 12 September 2017 (“Use of packet header extension for geolocation/geotargeting”) (here)
U.S. patent application 14/502682, filed on 30 September 2014 (“Applications of processing packets which contain geographic location information of the packet sender”)
Dasu/Kanza/Srivastava, Geotagging IP Packets for Location-Aware Software-Defined Networking in the Presence of Virtual Network Functions, 2017 (here)
Marketa Trimble, A Patent For Geotagging IP Packets Raises Important Internet Law Questions, 2018 (here)

Court Documents

1/6/2021

United States

In re Facebook, Inc. Internet Tracking Litigation (9th Cir. 2020) (here)
In re Google Location History Litigation (NDCA 2019) (here)
Spanski Enterprises, Inc. v. Telewizja Polska, S.A., 883 F.3d 904, 915-916 (DC Cir. 2018) (here)
Plixer Intl. v. Scrutinizer GmbH, 905 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2018) (here)
Carsey-Werner Company, LLC v. BBC, CDCA, 2:17-cv-08041-PA-AS, Feb. 23, 2018
In re iPhone Application Litig., 844 F.Supp.2d 1040 (NDCA 2012) (here)
United States v. InMobi Pte Ltd., U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, case No. 3:16-cv-03474, Stipulated Order for Permanent Injunction and Civil Penalty Judgment, June 22, 2016 (here)
Triple Up Limited v. Youku Tudou Inc., U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, Case No. 1:16-cv-00159-RDM, memorandum opinion, docket document 15, January 24, 2017 (here)
Marketa Trimble, D.C. Circuit Makes Geoblocking De Facto Mandatory for Copyright Law Purposes–Spanski v. TV Polska, 2018 (here)
Yahoo!, Inc. v. La Ligue Contre Le Racisme et L‘Antisemitisme, 433 F.3d 1199 (9th Cir. 2006) (Ben Laurie’s expert opinion)
Declaration of Bennet Laurie in Lieu of Direct Testimony at 12, Nitke v. Ashcroft, 253 F. Supp. 2d 587 (S.D.N.Y. 2005) (No. 01 Civ. 11476)
Jazette Enterprises Ltd. v. Commonwealth of Kentucky, Court of Appeals of Kentucky, 2014 WL 689044, February 21, 2014 (here)

Canada

Equustek Solutions Inc. v. Google Inc., Court of Appeal for British Columbia, [2014] BCCA 295, July 23, 2014; Equustek Solutions Inc. v. Google Inc., [2015] BCCA 265, June 11, 2015 (here)
Equustek Solutions Inc. v. Google Inc., Supreme Court of Canada, 2017 SCC 34 (here)
Equustek Solutions Inc. v. Jack, Supreme Court of British Columbia, 2018 BCSC 610 (here)

European Union

Groupe Canal+ SA v. European Commission, CJEU, C-132/19 P, December 9, 2020 (here)
Google Spain SL v. Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (AEPD), ECJ, C-131/12, May 13, 2014 (here)
Google v. CNIL, CJEU, C-507/17, Opinion by Advocate General Szpunar, January 10, 2019 (here)
Eva Glawischnig-Piesczek v. Facebook Ireland Limited, CJEU, C-18/18, Opinion by Advocate General Szpunar, June 4, 2019 (here)

Germany

OLG Naumburg, Beschluss vom 7.2.2020 – 9 W 3/19 (LG Halle)
Oberverwaltungsgericht Nordrhein-Westfalen [OVG] [Higher Administrative Court] July 2, 2010, BECK-ONLINE DATENBANK [BECKRS] 50510 (Ger.)
Oberverwaltungsgericht Nordrhein-Westfalen [OVG] [Higher Administrative Court] July 13, 2010, BECK-ONLINE DATENBANK [BECKRS] 51049 (Ger.).
Oberverwaltungsgericht Lüneburg [OVG] [Higher Administrative Court] Apr. 3, 2009, BECK-ONLINE DATENBANK [BECKRS] 33166 (Ger.) (an earlier opinion by a German court concerning geolocation).
Verwaltungsgericht München [VG] [Administrative Trial Courts] Nov. 20, 2008, BECK-ONLINE DATENBANK [BECKRS] 40756 (Ger.)
Verwaltungsgericht Karlsruhe [VG] [Administrative Trial Courts] Dec. 17, 2007, BECK-ONLINE DATENBANK [BECKRS] 33500 (Ger.).

Switzerland

Bundesgericht [BGer] [Federal Supreme Court] Sept. 8, 2010, 136 ENTSCHEIDUNGEN DES SCHWEIZERISCHEN BUNDESGERICHTS [BGE] II 508 (Switz.) (IP addresses as personal data)

Geolocation/Geoblocking and Personal Data

1/6/2021

In re Facebook, Inc. Internet Tracking Litigation (9th Cir. 2020) (here)
In re Google Location History Litigation (NDCA 2019) (here)
Joshua J. McIntyre, Balancing Expectations of Online Privacy: Why Internet Protocol (IP) Addresses Should Be Protected As Personally Identifiable Information, 60 DEPAUL L. REV. 895 (2011) (here)
In re iPhone Application Litig., 844 F.Supp.2d 1040 (NDCA 2012) (here)
Bundesgericht [BGer] [Federal Supreme Court] Sept. 8, 2010, 136 ENTSCHEIDUNGEN DES SCHWEIZERISCHEN BUNDESGERICHTS [BGE] II 508 (Switz.) (IP addresses as personal data)
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (GDPR) (here)
Patrick Breyer v. Bundesrepublik Deutschland, CJEU, C-582/14, October 19, 2016 (here)
Geolocation Privacy Legislation (GPS.gov) (here)

Trimble's Articles on Geoblocking

1/6/2021

Marketa Trimble, Targeting Factors and Conflict of Laws on the Internet, 40 Rev. Litig. (2020) (here)
Marketa Trimble, Copyright and Geoblocking: The Consequences of Eliminating Geoblocking, 25 B. U. J. Sci. & Tech. L. (2019) (here)
Marketa Trimble, The Role of Geoblocking in the Internet Legal Landscape, IDP, Revista de Internet, Derecho y Política (23) (2017) (here)
Marketa Trimble, The Role of Geoblocking in the Internet Legal Landscape, in Building a European Digital Space, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Internet, Law & Politics (2016) (here)
Marketa Trimble, The Territoriality Referendum, 6 WIPO J. 89 (2015) (here)
Marketa Trimble, Proposal for an International Convention on Online Gambling, in Regulating Internet Gaming: Challenges and Opportunities (Ngai Pindell & Anthony Cabot eds., UNLV Gaming Press, 2013) (here)
Marketa Trimble, The Future of Cybertravel: Legal Implications of the Evasion of Geolocation, 22 Fordham Intell. Prop. Media & Ent. L.J. 567 (2012) (here)

Place-Shifting

3/10/2019

Recording Industry Association of America v Diamond Multimedia Systems Inc., 180 F.3d 1072 (9th Cir. 1999) (here)
Internet-Videorecorder II (“Shift.TV”), Bundesgerichtshof, I ZR 152/11, April 11, 2013 (here)
ITV Broadcasting Ltd v TVCatchup Ltd, Order, October 7, 2013 (here)
Naoya Isoda, Copyright Infringement Liability of Placeshifting Services in the United States and Japan, 7 Wash. J.L. Tech. & Arts 149 (2011) (here)
Rokuraku II, Supreme Court, H21 (Ju) No.788, January 21, 2011 (translation here)
Maneki TV, Supreme Court, H21 (Ju) No.653, January 18, 2011 (translation here)
American Broadcasting Companies v Aereo Inc., 134 S. Ct. 2498 (2014) (here)

Insufficiency of Geolocation/Geoblocking

3/10/2019

Spanski Enterprises v. TV Polska
The Carsey-Werner Company, LLC v. BBC, U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, Case No. 2:17-cv-8041

Legislation

3/10/2019

European Union

Directive (EU) 2019/789 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 laying down rules on the exercise of copyright and related rights applicable to certain online transmissions of broadcasting organisations and retransmissions of television and radio programmes (here)
Regulation (EU) 2018/302 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 February 2018 on addressing unjustified geo-blocking and other forms of discrimination based on consumers’ nationality, place of residence or place of establishment within the internal market and amending Regulations (EC) No 2006/2004 and (EU) 2017/2394 and Directive 2009/22/EC (here)
Regulation (EU) 2017/1128 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 on cross-border portability of online content services in the internal market (here)
Marketa Trimble, The European Union Anti-Geoblocking Regulation Isn’t the End of the Anti-Geoblocking Battle, 2018 (here)
Marketa Trimble, Your Movements Shall Be Traced: The New EU Regulation on Cross-Border Portability, 2017 (here)
Marketa Trimble, Proposed EU Regulation on Cross-Border Access to Copyrighted Content, 2016 (here)
Marketa Trimble, What Bothers Brussels: Geoblocking on the Front Burner of the EU Commission, 2015 (here)

Geoblocking as a Barrier to Trade

3/10/2019

Marketa Trimble, Geoblocking and “Legitimate Trade” in Intellectual Property and Obstacles to Legitimate Trade (Christopher Heath, Anselm Kamperman Sanders & Anke Moerland eds., Wolters Kluwer, forthcoming 2018) (here)

Geolocation/Geoblocking Services

3/10/2019

Neustar (here)
PinPoint, GeoComply (here)